Understandability

ISTQB Glossary  definition 
"The capability of the software product to enable the user to understand whether the software is suitable, and how it can be used for particular tasks and conditions of use. [ISO 9126] See also usability."
In Simple English,

An measure of how easy a software is to understand (not use) for a targeted user.


Field Notes
1. This is not an very common way of measuring a system being built. "Usability" is usually used instead.

2. Usability however is not exactly same  same as "Understandability"

3. May be this is because, in most cases, "Usability" is considered more important than "Understandability" of a system.
 
Say for example you have new car that is being designed, the focus is always on to making it easy for the driver and passengers to use the car not to make them understand how it works.

4.  That said, please note that in some special cases, "Understandability" will trump usability depending on need. This is more in cases where multiple people will use the system at multiple point of time without much prior training.

For Example:

Think about a airplane  simulator, the purpose of it is for the person using it to understand how plane is flown/operated. beyond the objective of training, It does not matter how easy it is to operate it.

However, when you think of an actual plane built for being flown, it will matter more that the people operating it find it easy to use.

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